Thaum peb xav txog lasers, kab teeb ntawm ntau xim tuaj rau hauv siab-los ntawm cov kab liab scanning ntawm cov khw muag khoom noj khoom haus, mus rau dazzling ntsuab laser qhia ntawm concerts, mus rau infrared pom infrared lasers siv nyob rau hauv industrial txiav. Vim li cas cov lasers tshwm sim hauv cov xim sib txawv? Dab tsi tiag tiag txiav txim siab lub wavelength ntawm lub laser?
Cias muab, lub wavelength ntawm ib lub laser txiav txim cov xim peb perceive. Wavelength yog hais txog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub teeb mus rau hauv ib lub voj voog vibrational, thiab lub teeb ntawm cov wavelengths sib txawv tau pom los ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag raws li cov xim sib txawv.
Nyob rau hauv lub pom lub teeb spectrum:
1. Wavelength approx . 400-450 nanometers: Violet laser
2. Wavelength approx . 450-485 nanometers: Xiav laser
3. Wavelength approx . 500-565 nanometers: Ntsuab laser
4. Wavelengths nyob ib ncig ntawm 565-590 nanometers: Yellow laser
5. Wavelengths nyob ib ncig ntawm 625-740 nanometers: Liab laser
Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub infrared thiab ultraviolet lasers.
Peb Yam Tseem Ceeb Txiav Txim Laser Wavelength
1. Lub Laser "Qhov Chaw"
Qhov nruab nrab nquag yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas txiav txim siab laser wavelength. Ntau hom lasers siv cov khoom siv sib txawv, uas nws cov qauv atomic lossis molecular dictate lub wavelengths ntawm lub teeb lawv tuaj yeem tsim.
Common Lasers thiab Lawv Hom Wavelengths
- Helium{0}}Neon Laser: 632.8 nm (liab)
- Carbon Dioxide Laser: 10.6 μm (infrared)
- Argon Ion Laser: 488/514nm (cyan)
- Nd:YAG Laser: 1064nm (infrared)
- Semiconductor laser: dav wavelength ntau nyob ntawm cov khoom
Txhua qhov nruab nrab ua haujlwm muaj cov qauv tsim hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb raws li tus neeg tus ntiv tes. Thaum cov hluav taws xob hauv atoms hloov pauv ntawm qib sib txawv ntawm lub zog, lawv tso tawm photons ntawm lub zog tshwj xeeb, yog li tsim lub teeb laser ntawm ib lub wavelength.
2. "Lub plawv dhia" ntawm Lasers
Laser tiam pib los ntawm lub zog theem hloov nyob rau hauv atoms los yog molecules ntawm ua hauj lwm nruab nrab. Cov txheej txheem no ua raws li cov cai nruj quantum mechanical txoj cai:
- Electrons nyob rau hauv atoms nyob txawv zog theem (lub zog lub xeev)
- Thaum ib qho hluav taws xob hloov pauv los ntawm qib siab zog mus rau qis dua, nws emits photon
- Lub photon lub zog precisely sib haum mus rau lub zog sib txawv ntawm ob theem
Raws li cov qauv λ=hc/E (qhov twg λ yog wavelength, h yog Planck qhov tas li, c yog qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb, thiab E yog lub zog), lub zog E txiav txim siab lub wavelength λ. Yog li, lub zog theem qauv ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nruab nrab ua zoo li ib tug sieve, cia tsuas yog lub teeb ntawm lub wavelengths tshwj xeeb yuav tsum amplified, tsim laser teeb.
3. Lub Laser "Quality Controller"
Lub optical resonator muaj ob lub tsom iav uas tau ua tiav zoo nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov nruab nrab nquag. Thaum cov qauv no tsis hloov lub laser lub hauv paus wavelength, nws plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom lub laser lub monochromaticity thiab zaus stability:
- Kho qhov ntev resonator tso cai rau kom zoo -tu lub laser qhov tseeb zaus.
- Lub resonator xaiv amplifies lub teeb ntawm tej wavelengths thaum suppressing lwm tus.
- Lub siab -zoo resonator tsim lasers nrog cov kab nqaim heev, txhais tau tias cov xim ntshiab heev.
Lasers ntawm txawv wavelengths pab kiag li lawm daim ntaub ntawv:
- Ultraviolet lasers: Microelectronics manufacturing, laser tshuaj, kev tshawb fawb
- Green lasers (532nm): Laser qhia, astronomical pointing cwjmem
- Infrared lasers: Fiber optic kev sib txuas lus (1310, 1550nm), laser txiav, vuam, kev siv tub rog
- Liab lasers (630-680nm): Laser pointers, supermarket barcode scanners, DVD players, thaum ntxov fiber optic kev sib txuas lus
- Blue lasers (kwv yees . 405nm): Blu-ray players, siab -cov ntaub ntawv ceev ceev
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntsuab laser pointers nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam yog tsis coincidence. Tib neeg lub qhov muag yog rhiab heev rau daj - teeb ntsuab nyob ib ncig ntawm 550 nanometers. Nyob rau theem sib npaug, cov lasers ntsuab zoo li ci dua li liab lossis xiav lasers. Qhov tseeb, 532nm ntsuab laser tshwm kwv yees li 8 lub sij hawm ci dua li 635nm liab laser ntawm tib lub zog!
Laser wavelengths tsis yog arbitrarily xaiv tab sis yog precisely txiav txim los ntawm lub cev lub zog ntawm lub nruab nrab ua hauj lwm, nws quantum zog theem qauv, thiab lub optical resonator kab noj hniav. Los ntawm liab mus rau violet, los ntawm pom mus rau qhov tsis pom, txhua lub laser wavelength muaj nws cov cim tiam txheej txheem thiab daim ntawv thov tus nqi. Lub ntiaj teb ntawm lasers sawv cev rau kev sib cuam tshuam zoo kawg nkaus ntawm kev cai lij choj ntawm lub cev thiab kev siv tshuab engineering. Kev nkag siab txog kev tshawb fawb tom qab laser wavelengths tsis tsuas yog txaus siab rau peb txoj kev xav paub tab sis kuj pab peb zoo dua siv lub teeb pom kev zoo hauv thaj chaw xws li tshuaj, kev sib txuas lus, thiab kev tsim khoom.
