Daim duab 1: Laser vuam teeb rau cylindrical lithium-ion roj teeb modules. (Duab qhov chaw: Photon Automation)
Cylindrical lithium- ion roj teeb (xws li 18650, 21700, thiab loj 4680 qauv) yog siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob, lub zog cia, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tsheb hluav taws xob vim lawv lub zog loj, tsim qauv, thiab muaj pov thawj ntseeg tau. Cov roj teeb no feem ntau siv npib tsib xee-plated steel (Hilumin) ua cov khoom siv, raws li cov nickel txheej muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion thaum cov hlau substrate ua kom cov qauv muaj zog los tiv thaiv sab hauv thiab kev ntxhov siab.
Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li cov qauv tsim thiab kev ua tau zoo, qee qhov 46 mm inch cylindrical cells siv cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv xws li txhuas thiab npib tsib xee-plated steel. Ib qho kev sib tw tseem ceeb thaum lub sij hawm module lossis roj teeb pob raug tsim yog vuam aluminium thiab steel ua ke, vim qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv lawv cov khoom thermal thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm.
Kev tsim cov cylindrical roj teeb modules lossis cov pob khoom suav nrog kev teeb tsa lub hlwb (cov roj teeb ib leeg) hauv cov qauv tshwj xeeb thiab txuas lawv hauv cov koob lossis sib npaug raws li daim ntawv thov qhov voltage thiab tam sim no. Qhov kev teeb tsa no tso cai rau cov tuam txhab tsim kho lub zog tag nrho thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub roj teeb kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb, xws li tsheb hluav taws xob lossis lub zog ruaj khov. Cells feem ntau yog interconnected los ntawm txhuas busbars thickness ntawm 0.3-0.6 hli, uas yog tom qab ntawd laser-welded kom cuag tau cov hluav taws xob zoo sib txuas (saib daim duab 1). Cov npib tsib xee-plated steel siv rau roj teeb casings feem ntau muaj ib tug tuab ntawm 0.4-0.6 hli, nyob ntawm seb lub cell tsim thiab manufacturers hom.
Hauv kev siv tsheb hluav taws xob, cov welds txuas aluminium busbars rau cov roj teeb hlwb yuav tsum muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo thiab hluav taws xob conductivity nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, nrog rau kev poob siab, kev co, thiab thermal cycling. Yog li ntawd, qhov tseeb thiab txhim khu kev qha laser vuam yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub sijhawm ntev - kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub roj teeb. Laser vuam yog qhov tshwj xeeb zoo - haum rau qhov kev sib dhos no. Nws ua rau siab - lub zog, ntxuav cov pob qij txha nrog cov cua kub tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob thiab qhov cuam tshuam tsawg. Cov yam ntxwv no tseem ceeb heev rau kev kov yeej cov teeb meem uas muaj nyob rau hauv vuam aluminium rau npib tsib xee-plated steel.
Tsim cov Brittle Intermetallic Compounds (IMCs)
Qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb thaum lub sij hawm vuam yog tsim los ntawm brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs), uas txo qhov sib koom ua ke lub zog thiab hluav taws xob conductivity. Qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm txhuas thiab hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lawv cov lus teb thermal tsis sib xws: aluminium melts thiab nthuav dav dua cov hlau, tsim cov thermal stresses uas txhawb IMC kev loj hlob thaum vuam. Cov IMCs no -xws li hlau- txhuas cov khoom sib xyaw FeAl₃ thiab Fe₂Al₅- feem ntau nthuav tawm cov ntaub nplaum uas ua rau lub zog sib koom ua ke, ua rau tawg pib, txo lub zog, thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau corrosion.
Kev tsim thiab tag nrho cov ntim ntawm IMCs thaum lub sij hawm vuam cuam tshuam rau weld zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev -. Raws li IMC ntim nce, sib koom ua ke brittleness intensifies, mechanical zog txo qis, thiab tej zaum yuav muaj kev ntxhov siab-vim tsis ua hauj lwm nce. Kev sib sib zog nqus weld feem ntau nce tag nrho IMC ntim, qhia txog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tswj cov vuam tsis zoo kom ntseeg tau tias muaj zog sib koom tes, kev ntseeg siab, thiab kav ntev.
Kev tshawb fawb dav dav qhia tau hais tias kev tuav cov txheej IMC nyias nyias (feem ntau yog 2 µm txog 10 µm) yields siab dua tensile shear zog. Cov txheej nyias no ua rau muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm metallurgical thaum txo kev sib koom ua ke brittleness. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum IMC txheej ntau tshaj 15 µm hauv thickness, nws brittleness feem ntau ua rau txo tensile lub zog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev pib tawg thiab nthuav tawm hauv qab load (saib daim duab 2).
Daim duab 2: Cov nyhuv ntawm IMC txheej thickness ntawm lub zog tensile. (Image source: H. He et al.) [1]
Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, ib txoj hauv kev zoo dua yog txhawm rau txhim kho qhov sib txuas ntawm qhov sib txuas es tsis yog tsuas yog tso siab rau qhov tob tob dua. Kev nthuav dav ntawm thaj chaw sib txuas ua kom muaj kev sib txuas ntawm metallurgical thaum txwv tag nrho IMC ntim. Qhov no txo qis brittleness thiab txhawb nqa ntau yam kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, yog li txhim kho kev ntseeg tau. Cov nyhuv no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm laser pulses nrog beam scanning thev naus laus zis kom tswj tau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev sib tshuam, txo qis IMC kev loj hlob.
Photon Automation tau tsim cov mem tes siab heev thiab cov tswj fais fab muaj peev xwm ntawm microsecond -theem precision tswj hla lasers, ua kom cov mem tes hloov kho. Los ntawm kev ua kom zoo- kho cov duab mem tes, lub hauv paus thermal stress yog txo, zoo tagnrho txhua yam khoom ntawm cov khoom yog khaws cia, lub tshav kub- cuam tshuam cheeb tsam (HAZ) yog txo, thiab ib feem lifespan yog ncua. Lub tuam txhab WonderBOARD kuj cuam tshuam nrog galvo daim iav controllers, ua kom muaj kev sib faib ntawm laser zog thoob plaws workpieces. Qhov no tiv thaiv qhov kub thiab txias tsis sib xws los ntawm kev txav nrawm nrawm.
Laser Pulse thiab Beam Oscillation Control rau IMC Tsim
Pulsed lasers muab kev tswj hwm thermal input zoo tshaj, txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm dhau - melting lossis spatter. Lub caij txias ntawm cov pulses txo cov cua sov kom tsawg, pab tiv thaiv qhov tsis xws luag xws li hlawv- dhau los lossis cuam tshuam. Rau nyias- cov khoom siv vuam lossis sib txawv ntawm cov hlau sib txuas (xws li, aluminium-rau-steel), cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob kuj tseem txhim kho lub pas dej ua ke.
Dynamic scanning ntawm lub laser beam hla lub weld cheeb tsam ntawm ib tug galvanometer xyuas kom meej uniform zog faib. Qhov no tiv thaiv cov teebmeem ntawm ntug (kev nkag mus ntau dhau, kev txiav qis, lossis qhov kub kub tshwm sim los ntawm kev nyob ntev ntev ntawm qhov pib / kawg ntawm txoj kev vuam). Oscillation thev naus laus zis kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua kom haum rau cov khoom siv weld (xws li, ncig, helical, lossis sawtooth) txhawm rau txhim kho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub zog thiab sib xws.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm pulsing thiab oscillation tsim ib qho chaw vuam zoo heev uas txo cov thermal gradients, optimizes metallurgical bonding, thiab ua kom muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua. Txoj hauv kev no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov roj teeb, ua kom muaj zog tswj kom tsis txhob ua rau cov khoom tsis zoo lossis cov cheeb tsam insulated.
Qhov kev sib tw thib ob yog ua kom tiav qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov seam thiab qhov zoo sib xws.
Nyob rau hauv cylindrical cell designs, ob qho tib si zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes nyob rau saum npoo - lub hauv paus electrode cap ua hauj lwm zoo li electrode, thaum lub cheeb tsam annular ua hauj lwm raws li qhov tsis zoo electrode. Qhov kev teeb tsa no txwv tsis pub muaj qhov chaw vuam, xav tau qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw laser. Txawm tias me me misalignment tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog vuam tsis txaus, kev puas tsuaj sab hauv, lossis luv luv Circuit Court, tag nrho cov uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cell tsis ua hauj lwm thiab, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, tuaj yeem ua rau thermal runaway.
Thaum lub sij hawm sib dhos, cov roj teeb no feem ntau muaj ntau pua lub hlwb uas nyob ze. Cov kev hloov me me hauv qhov siab ntawm tes los ntawm kev tsim kev kam rau siab lossis kev tuav tuaj yeem ua rau tsis sib xws ntawm cov busbar lossis vuam cuab yeej thiab cov hlwb. Yog tias tsis kho kom raug, qhov kev sib cuag tsis sib haum no ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov vuam zoo, kev sib txuas hluav taws xob tsis zoo, thiab ntev - teeb meem kev ua haujlwm ntev.
Txhawm rau kov yeej cov teeb meem no, cov tuam txhab tso siab rau ob lub hauv paus tseem ceeb: lub zeem muag pom thiab pom kev sib raug zoo tomography (OCT).
Lub zeem muag pom thiab nrhiav qhov zoo davhlau ya nyob twg (center cap) thiab qhov tsis zoo davhlau ya nyob twg (ntiv nplhaib sab nraud / ntug) ntawm txhua lub cylindrical cell. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuab tsis pom kev them nyiaj rau cell - rau - cell variations/tolerances and fixture alignment deviations, guiding the laser beam to the correct welding position while avoiding contact with insulation layers or edge area. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev sib raug zoo, siab - qhov tseeb vuam hla cov qauv uas muaj ntau pua lub hlwb.
OCT ntsuas qhov siab ntawm txhua lub xovtooj ua ntej vuam txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv me ntsis qhov siab. Nws dynamically kho lub laser tsom txoj hauj lwm ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob tsav collimating lens, xyuas kom meej lub laser tsis tu ncua tsom rau lub meej weld dav hlau. Qhov no txhim kho cov vuam zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab hauv qhov chaw tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj qhov sib txawv me me ntawm qhov siab ntawm cov hlwb hauv lub roj teeb module.
Welding Process Monitoring thiab Data Acquisition: Lub Foundation ntawm AI
Kev siv lub tshuab Laser Welding Monitoring (LWM) yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav AI- tsav cov txheej txheem tswj. Thaum lub sij hawm laser- cov khoom sib cuam tshuam, lub zog tau tso tawm ntau hom: plasma hluav taws xob (ultraviolet wavelength), thermal tawg (infrared wavelength), rov qab xav (laser lub wavelength tiag tiag), thiab laser fais fab kis tau los ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Txhua yam ntawm cov teeb liab no muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb txog cov txheej txheem vuam txheej txheem.
Photodiode-raws li cov sensors ntes cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag thiab muab piv rau cov ntaub ntawv siv rau siab -welds zoo. Qhov kev nrhiav tau cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv no pab txheeb xyuas qhov tsis xws li tsis muaj fusion, tsis tuaj yeem welds, lossis qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov tob tob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib sau ua ke ntawm siab - cov ntaub ntawv daws teeb meem muab lub hauv paus rau kev cob qhia AI qauv. Cov qauv no tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas cov qauv, kwv yees qhov ua tsis tiav, thiab ua kom kaw -voj optimization ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam.
Txheej Txheem Txhim Kho Validation rau Vuam Zoo
Nyob rau hauv laser vuam ntawm cylindrical lithium{0}} ion roj teeb, kom ntseeg tau tias kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov welds sab hauv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv roj teeb kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm. Thaum vuam, tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev tiv thaiv cov khoom yas lossis roj hmab hauv qab qhov saum npoo: cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau, tsis raug laser tsis zoo, lossis qhov tob tob tob tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev los yog cov khoom siv yas / roj hmab, ua rau luv luv Circuit Court, to, mechanical tsis ua hauj lwm, los yog thermal runaway.
Daim duab 3: 3D- CT duab qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev nkag mus. (Duab qhov chaw: Photon Automation)
Computed tomography (CT) ua rau tsis muaj -kev puas tsuaj, siab- daws teeb meem kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov pob qij txha welded, muab 2D thiab 3D cov ntaub ntawv uas qhia txog qhov tsis xws luag hauv cov weld xws li porosity, tsis sib xws ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm vuam, lossis kev nkag tsis txaus (saib daim duab 3). Cov ntaub ntawv 3D CT no txhawb kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev siv cov vuam zoo thiab txheeb xyuas seb qhov kev nkag mus txog kev sib khi lossis cov ntaub ntawv insulating, yog li tiv thaiv cov teeb meem zoo li no thaum vuam.
