Tam sim no, nrog rau kev nce hauv qhov nyuaj ntawm cov kav dej hauv tsheb, ntau thiab ntau cov ntsiab lus vuam, inevitably coj ntau cov teeb meem ntawm cov nplaim vuam, ntawm chav kawm, txhua txoj kev vuam yog muaj lawv tus kheej zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Tsab ntawv no los tshuaj xyuas qhov ua tau ntawm laser vuam cua txias pipeline.
Yuav ua li cas los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm aluminium alloy laser vuam
Niaj hnub no, laser vuam yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam machining. Tsis tas li ntawd, laser tshuab kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov vuam me me thaum tshav kub kub input, me me welding tshav kub cheeb tsam, tsis yooj yim rau deform, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, nws tau txais tshwj xeeb xim nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm aluminium alloy welding.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, vim yog kev ua cov yam ntxwv ntawm aluminium alloy, muaj qee qhov teeb meem vuam hauv aluminium alloy laser vuam. Yuav daws cov teeb meem no li cas?
Teeb meem 1: Aluminium alloy muaj tsawg nqus tus nqi ntawm laser.
Qhov teeb meem no feem ntau yog vim cov khoom siv aluminium alloy. Vim lub siab pib xav txog thiab siab thermal conductivity ntawm aluminium alloy rau lub laser beam, aluminium alloy muaj tsawg nqus ntawm laser beam ua ntej melting. Aluminium alloys muaj kev cuam tshuam muaj zog ntawm lub teeb laser vim qhov siab ceev ntawm cov hluav taws xob dawb hauv cov aluminium alloy hauv cov khoom hauv lub xeev, uas zoo li cuam tshuam nrog cov photons hauv cov nqaj thiab cuam tshuam lub zog tam sim ntawd. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm aluminium alloys siab li 90% rau gaseous CO2 lasers thiab ze rau 80% rau cov khoom lasers. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, aluminium alloys muaj zog thermal conductivity, uas ua rau tsis tshua muaj kev nqus ntawm laser lub teeb los ntawm aluminium alloys. Yog li ntawd, kev ntsuas tsim nyog yuav tsum tau coj los txhim kho qhov nqus ntawm lub teeb laser los ntawm aluminium alloys.
Rau qhov teeb meem no, kev daws teeb meem feem ntau suav nrog cov hauv qab no.
1. Nto pretreatment ntawm aluminium alloy cov ntaub ntawv. Aluminium alloy muaj siab laser teb. Tsim nyog pretreatment ntawm aluminium alloy nto, xws li anodic oxidation, electrolytic polishing, sandblasting, sandblasting, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov nqus ntawm lub zog ntawm qhov chaw. Cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias qhov crystallization nyiam ntawm aluminium alloy tom qab tshem tawm cov oxide zaj duab xis yog siab dua li ntawm thawj aluminium alloy. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ua kom puas lub ntsej muag ntawm aluminium alloy, ua kom yooj yim ntawm cov txheej txheem laser vuam, koj tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem vuam kom nce qhov kub ntawm lub workpiece los txhim kho cov khoom nqus ntawm lub laser.
2. Txo qhov chaw me me thiab ua kom lub zog laser ceev. Los ntawm kev ua kom lub zog laser ceev kom txhim kho qhov nqus ntawm aluminium alloy rau lub laser. Ntau zog laser zog ceev yuav ua rau lub vuam molten pas dej ua ke los tsim ib lub qhov me me nyhuv, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom zoo rau lub laser nqus tus nqi.
3. Hloov cov qauv vuam, kom lub laser beam reflected ntau zaus nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv los pab txhawb lub laser vuam ntawm aluminium alloy. Daim ntawv ntawm kev sib koom ua ke yuav cuam tshuam rau kev nqus ntawm laser. v-bevel thiab square bevel yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov qhov tseem ceeb dua li cov pob qij txha tsis muaj bevel, kom lub zog ntawm lub zog laser nce, thiab aluminium alloy qhov nqus ntawm laser nce.
Teeb meem 2: Ib qho yooj yim los tsim porosity thiab thermal tawg, aluminium alloy laser vuam txheej txheem yog nquag rau porosity thiab thermal tawg.
Porosity yog qhov nquag thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov tsis xws luag hauv aluminium alloy laser vuam. Hom porosity tuaj yeem muab faib ua 2 pawg.
Ib chav kawm yog vim aluminium alloy laser vuam nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem txias ntawm hydrogen solubility poob sharply, molten lub xeev aluminium alloy hydrogen ntsiab lus mus txog {{0}}.69mL/100g, txias solidification ntawm aluminium alloy hydrogen ntsiab lus ntawm 0.036 mL / 100g, oversaturated hydrogen nag lossis daus thiab tsim ntawm hydrogen pores. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib txheej ntawm oxide zaj duab xis rau saum npoo ntawm aluminium alloy, thiab cov dej crystalline nyob rau saum npoo ntawm aluminium alloy, huab cua thiab noo noo nyob rau hauv cov roj tiv thaiv ncaj qha decompose rau hauv hydrogen thaum vuam. Cov hydrogen pores nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ceev ceev ntawm aluminium alloy laser welding kom dim, thiab nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv lub vuam los tsim hydrogen pores.
Lwm qeb yog vim lub laser vuam txheej txheem uas tsim los ntawm qhov keyhole instability thiab vau, cov kua hlau yog lig dhau lawm los sau cov qhov tsim. Cov porosity ntau dhau yuav txo qhov ntom ntawm cov vuam, txo qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke, thiab yuav ua rau lub zog thiab plasticity ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev txo qis.
Txo cov aluminium alloy laser vuam nyob rau hauv lub porosity tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev ntsuas, xws li hloov txoj kev taug kev ntawm lub laser beam, siv beam oscillation mus rau lub molten pas dej ua ke rau nplawm, ua rau kom muaj peev xwm ntawm porosity dim ntawm qhov chaw, siv cov muab tub lim los yog muab tub lim hmoov hmoov, nrog rau kev siv tshuab dual-spot thiab laser sib xyaw vuam thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas tuaj yeem ua tiav los txo cov nyhuv ntawm cov porosity, tab sis nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev tshem tawm ntawm cov hauv paus hniav. Aluminium lub thermal conductivity kuj zoo, raws li cov khoom siv ntawm aluminium alloy, thickness thiab deg mob nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem vuam los kho lub laser fais fab waveform. Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab ua ntej lub ntsis ntawm lub waveform rau welding, kuj yuav siv tau ua ntej lub preheating tom qab lub rwb thaiv tsev waveform rau welding, yuav txo tau lub tshuab taw tes thiab porosity ua lub luag hauj lwm. Nws tuaj yeem txo qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm lub qhov hws, hloov lub kaum sab xis ntawm irradiation ntawm lub laser beam, thiab siv cov hlau nplaum hauv qhov vuam, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov pores uas tsim thaum lub sijhawm vuam.
Yog vim li cas rau thermal cracking nyob rau hauv aluminium alloy laser welding feem ntau muaj feem xyuam rau nws tus kheej yam ntxwv thiab vuam txheej txheem. Aluminium alloy solidification shrinkage (txog li 5%), vuam kev nyuaj siab thiab deformation, thiab cov hlau weld nyob rau hauv crystallization nyob rau hauv cov ciam teb ntawm grain yuav tsim ib tug tsawg melting point eutectic lub koom haum, thiaj li hais tias cov grain ciam teb ntawm lub bonding quab yuam tsis muaj zog nyob rau hauv lub tensile kev nyuaj siab. nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov tsim ntawm kub tawg.
Kev siv txoj kev sau cov hlau los yog cov hmoov txhuas tuaj yeem txo qhov kev xav ntawm kub tawg, thiab tswj cov cua sov thiab txias ceev los ntawm kev kho cov txheej txheem vuam tsis tuaj yeem txo qhov nyiam kub tawg. Thaum siv YAG laser, lub tshav kub tawm tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev kho cov mem tes waveform kom txo qis crystal cracking.
Teeb meem 3: Txo cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom sib txuas - softening
Kev kub hnyiab ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying thaum lub sij hawm vuam txheej txheem txo cov khoom siv ntawm aluminium alloy welded txuas.
"Softening" yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm txo lub zog thiab hardness ntawm welded pob qij txha. Thaum siv laser vuam aluminium alloy pob qij txha, cov ntaub so ntswg weld thiab tshav kub cuam tshuam ntawm cov pob qij txha welded muaj tib yam teeb meem softening. Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qhov tshwm sim softening ntawm aluminium alloy welding yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev tshem tawm cov hauv paus, tab sis piv nrog cov roj shielded vuam, laser vuam vim txo cov cua sov input, yog li ntawd lub weld softening cheeb tsam yog nqaim. Aluminium alloy laser welding thiab melting electrode gas shielded vuam piv rau laser welded pob qij txha, "softening" degree yog qis dua, thiab lub zog tensile nrog kev nce hauv vuam ceev thiab nce. Plasma ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog ionization ntawm cov khoom txhuas yog qhov tsawg, laser vuam yog ntau dua los ua cov hlau plasma, cov ntshav los ntawm laser refraction, deflection, yog li hloov lub focal point ntawm lub laser beam txoj hauj lwm, yog li ntawd. tias qhov sib piv ntawm qhov tob ntawm qhov vuam yog txo, cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm cov pob qij txha welded. Txais cov txheej txheem ntawm pre-positioned hmoov nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub workpiece kom attenuate lub expansion ntawm cov ntshav nyob rau hauv lub siab kev taw qhia ntawm dhia, thiaj li hais tias cov ntshav nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub workpiece muaj peev xwm tswj tau tus txheeb ze stability ntawm lub dhia amplitude.
Cov pores tsis ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem aluminium alloy welding ua rau txo qis hauv cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom sib txuas. Aluminium alloy feem ntau suav nrog Zn, Mg thiab Al. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem vuam, lub boiling point ntawm txhuas yog siab tshaj li ob lub ntsiab. Yog li ntawd, qee cov ntsiab lus alloying nrog cov ntsiab lus qis qis tuaj yeem muab ntxiv thaum vuam aluminium alloy ntsiab lus, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov qhov me me thiab qhov ruaj khov ntawm vuam.
Ob aluminium alloy laser vuam tshuab
1 aluminium alloy laser self-melting vuam
Laser self-melting welding yog hais txog lub zog siab ceev laser beam raws li qhov chaw tshav kub, cuam tshuam rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus, kom cov khoom siv hauv paus nws tus kheej melts, tsim cov welded pob qij txha vuam txoj kev. Rau aluminium alloy laser vuam, aluminium alloy nto ntawm lub laser reflectivity siab, vuam yuav tsum muaj lub zog laser loj dua; laser qhov chaw txoj kab uas hla yog me me, qhov precision qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm cov cuab yeej vuam yog siab, tus nqi kam rau ntawm qhov sib txawv yog tsawg, feem ntau yuav tsum tau qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi ntawm 0.2mm cov nram qab no; Lub vuam txheej txheem ntawm cua sov thiab txias ceev, weld porosity tsis xws luag, lub laser lub zog ceev yog concentrated, lub keyhole nyhuv yooj yim ua rau lub weld concave thiab phenomenon ntawm tom ntug. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm tom ntug, yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem vuam tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Laser self-melting welding nyob rau hauv aluminium alloy welding qhia txog qhov zoo ntawm vuam zoo, vuam ceev thiab yooj yim automation, thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam automotive. Hauv kev lag luam tsheb hluav taws xob, kev sib khi ntawm lub hwj chim roj teeb lub plhaub yog siv rau hauv aluminium alloy laser self-melt vuam. Lub zog tshiab lub tsheb tuam txhab lag luam nyob rau hauv lub cev txhuas, lub rooj sib dhos lub qhov rooj thiab sab ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov vuam kuj tseem siv rau hauv aluminium alloy laser fusion vuam.
2 Aluminium alloy laser muab tub lim hlau vuam
Laser muab tub lim hlau welding nyob rau hauv lub laser tseem yog lub ntsiab tshav kub qhov chaw rau yaj cov welded hlau, tab sis kev siv cov tsis siv neeg hlau pub khoom rau lub molten pas dej ua ke tsis tu ncua pub rau hauv cov muab tub lim hlau kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem metallurgical kev twb kev txuas. Piv nrog rau lub laser self-melting welding, laser muab tub lim hlau welding relaxes qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tseeb, los ntawm kev sau cov hlau sib txawv, los txhim kho cov khoom siv hlau ntawm cov vuam, los tiv thaiv cov tiam ntawm vuam thermal tawg thiab porosity. , thiab txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov pob qij txha.
Aluminium alloy laser muab tub lim hlau vuam muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsos zoo, cov txheej txheem sib txawv yog looser dua li laser nws tus kheej yaj vuam, thiab lwm yam. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau hauv qhov tsos ntawm lub cev, xws li nruab nrab ntawm lub hau sab saum toj thiab sab enclosure. , thiab nruab nrab ntawm lub sab sauv thiab sab panels ntawm lub phaj txheej ntawm lub nra compartment cover. Kuj tseem muaj qee cov qauv txhawm rau kom tau txais kev vuam zoo dua thiab siv laser muab tub lim hlau vuam rau vuam aluminium alloy qhov rooj.
3 aluminium alloy laser - arc puas vuam
Laser - arc puas welding yog lub laser thiab arc 2 hom ntawm lub cev muaj zog, lub zog hloov tshuab yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke, thiab ua ke hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv welded, tsis tsuas yog muab tag nrho ua si rau 2 hom cua sov. qhov chaw ntawm lawv qhov zoo, tab sis kuj ua rau ib leeg qhov tsis txaus. Nyob rau hauv lub aluminium alloy laser - arc composite welding, lub arc tuaj yeem coj lub laser tshav kub qhov chaw, txhim kho aluminium alloy ntawm lub laser nqus peev xwm thiab vuam txheej txheem siv zog, thiab weld nto shaping tshaj laser nws tus kheej-melt vuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev taw qhia ntawm lub arc tuaj yeem txo qhov raug qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom siv welded, thaum lub arc muaj cov nyhuv dilution ntawm lub laser vuam plasma, uas tuaj yeem txo cov nyhuv shielding ntawm cov ntshav ntawm lub laser. Lub laser plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ruaj khov ntawm cov arc, kom lub arc tuaj yeem ruaj khov hauv kev kub ceev vuam ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov vuam zoo ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke thiab nce qhov vuam ceev.
Xaus
Aluminium alloy laser vuam beam zog ceev mus txog 109W / cm2, tib lub sij hawm muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov cua sov, thermal puas, vuam qhov tob thiab dav piv, vuam deformation, thiab lwm yam., vuam txheej txheem yog yooj yim rau integrate, automation, flexibilization. , high-speed thiab high-precision welding tuaj yeem ua tiav, thiab cov txheej txheem vuam tsis tas yuav tsum muaj lub tshuab nqus tsev, tsis tsim X-ray, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau high-precision vuam ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj. Qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm aluminium laser welding yog nws cov kev ua haujlwm siab, thiab muab kev ua si tag nrho rau qhov kev ua haujlwm siab no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv nws rau qhov loj tuab ntawm qhov sib sib zog nqus fusion vuam. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv lub zog loj laser rau cov tuab tuab sib sib zog nqus fusion vuam yuav yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev txhim kho yav tom ntej. Loj thickness sib sib zog nqus welding tseem ceeb lub pinhole phenomenon thiab nws cov nyhuv ntawm weld porosity, yog li cov txheej txheem tsim thiab tswj ntawm pinholes ua ntau thiab nrov thiab yuav dhau los ua qhov teeb meem kub ntawm kev txhawj xeeb thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv kev lag luam.
Txhim kho qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem laser vuam, vuam tsim thiab vuam zoo yog cov hom phiaj ua tiav. Yog li ntawd, cov thev naus laus zis tshiab xws li laser arc composite txheej txheem, muab tub lim hlau laser vuam, tsis yog-preset hmoov laser vuam, dual-focus technology, beam shaping, thiab lwm yam.
