High-power lasers tau dhau los ua tus qauv thiab cov cuab yeej siv thoob plaws hauv ntau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam, ib feem vim yog lub zog tswj hwm lawv muab. Tab sis "lub zog siab" tuaj yeem yog lo lus nyuaj rau kev txheeb xyuas, thiab feem ntau xav tau qee qhov ntsiab lus los txhais.
Laser daim ntawv thov yog txwv tsis pub muaj kev pab thaum nws los txiav txim siab lub hwj chim tso zis pib, raws li laser tsis muaj peev xwm muaj xws li los ntawm ib tug 10-watt beam nyob rau hauv ib tug 3D tshuab luam ntawv mus rau ib tug 100-kilowatt beam generated los ntawm satellite laser. Dab tsi suav nrog kev ua haujlwm nplua nuj rau ib daim ntawv thov tsis tshua muaj ntaub ntawv hauv lwm qhov. Thaum ua ntawv thov rau lasers ntawm txawv wavelengths, thaum sib piv nruam-yoj thiab mem tes ua hauj lwm, thiab txawm thaum muab piv cov khoom-lub xeev, roj, los yog doped-crystal qhov chaw, "siab zog" ua ib tug txheeb ze lub sij hawm.
Tib beam uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov hlau lossis tuaj yeem xa cov xov tooj sib txuas lus ntev ntev kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag uas qhia thiab teeb pom kev nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub laser system. "Koj yuav tsum tswj txhua yam me me kawg, lossis cov ntsiab lus me me no yuav yog qhov kev puas tsuaj pib - thiab lwm yam uas koj paub, koj tau hlawv ib nrab lab nyiaj hauv cov khoom," hais Tim McComb, tus thawj coj ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. ntawm Coherent.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo
Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm optical Cheebtsam yuav tsum tau los xyuas kom meej tias lub laser beam ua tau raws li qhov xav tau cov duab, loj thiab siv. Ntxiv nrog rau cov lo ntsiab muag siv los tsom thiab sib tsoo cov nqaj, cov tshuab laser feem ntau muaj cov iav, polarizers thiab beam splitters. Txhua yam ntawm cov khoom no yuav tsum yog precision tsim thiab machined, thiab tom qab ntawd kho nrog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom kawg muaj lub teeb haum, kis tau tus mob thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev xav. Tsis muaj kev saib xyuas zoo, txhua theem ntawm kev tsim, polishing, txheej thiab kev sim muab sijhawm txaus rau qhov tsis xws luag lossis tsis ua haujlwm uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis ua haujlwm.
Ib qho kev tivthaiv tuaj yeem muaj qhov tsis zoo uas tseem ceeb tsim cov kev sib txuas tsis muaj zog hauv tag nrho cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Vim hais tias qhov tsis xws luag absorbs lub zog uas yuav tsum tau kis los yog xav txog, qhov tshwm sim tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm cov khoom no yuav propagate mus rau tag nrho cov system, hais tias Matthew Dabney, tus thawj coj laser engineer ntawm Altamont Optics.
Lub laser glare tseem tuaj yeem ua teeb meem los ntawm thermally induced deformation ntawm optics. Txawm hais tias cov teebmeem no tsis tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov teebmeem optics tam sim ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv refractive, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam los yog cov khoom siv laser suboptimal. Yog li ntawd, cov tuam txhab lag luam laser yuav tsum paub txog ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab thaum qhia txog cov khoom siv kho qhov muag rau ib qho laser system.
Thawj yog lawv xaiv cov khoom siv. Fused silica yog cov iav zoo heev uas muaj qhov nqus tsawg heev thiab yooj yim rau cov duab thiab polish, uas feem ntau ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag.
"Peb ib txwm sim siv fused silica thaum peb ua cov ntawv thov muaj zog," said Dirk Hauschild, tus thawj coj ntawm laser optics tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Focuslight. "Koj tau txais qib siab tshaj plaws, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm fused silica muaj qhov kev puas tsuaj ntau tshaj plaws."
Txawm li cas los xij, qee lub tshuab laser xav tau ntau txoj kev xaiv tshwj xeeb. Lens lasers nyob rau hauv high-power CO 2 feem ntau yog ua los ntawm zinc selenide, uas qhia tau hais tias muaj zog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub infrared muaj zog, tab sis yuav siv tau yooj yim dua. Zoo li lwm yam khoom siv kho qhov muag, zinc selenide yuav tsum tau molded thiab smoothed. Qhov me me ntawm qhov tsis xws luag tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev ua haujlwm lossis, qhov phem dua, kev tsim kho hauv cheeb tsam vim lub zog thiab cua sov ntawm lub laser.Hauschild hais tias qhov no tuaj yeem ntxhov siab rau lub substrate, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem tawg thiab hlawv. "Rau cov ntawv siv hluav taws xob tiag tiag, ib qho tsis xws luag tuaj yeem rhuav tshem tag nrho optic."
Kev tshem tawm cov teeb meem no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo sib tsoo thiab polishing txheej txheem, ua raws li kev tswj xyuas kom zoo, hais tias Emiliano Ioffe, Ophir's IR txheej txheem kev txhim kho thiab tus thawj coj engineering, uas nws lub tuam txhab feem ntau tsom rau qhov roughness qhov tseem ceeb tsawg dua 1 nm ntawm nws cov khoom, tsis muaj khawb lossis khawb. . Qhov no yog qhov nyuaj tshwj xeeb thaum siv cov ntaub ntawv tsis-fused silica, thiab Ioffe hais tias nws pab neeg yuav tsum tau tsim cov txheej txheem polishing tshwj xeeb rau zinc selenide optics siv hauv lub tuam txhab CO 2 lasers, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum npaj cov ntaub ntawv rau aspheric optics uas tau dhau los ua cov lo ntsiab muag nrov. .
Cov npoo zoo kawg nkaus no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo coated nrog cov txheej tshwj xeeb uas muab cov khoom zoo los yog cov khoom tiv thaiv rau cov khoom. hauschild hais tias cov txheej txheej feem ntau yog qhov txuas tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim. Vim tias lawv nyias nyias, lawv tuaj yeem tawg, thiab lawv tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom siv hauv lub sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, tsis zoo xaiv los yog siv cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm nyuaj uas nkag mus rau hauv kev tsim lub lens zoo meej lossis daim iav.
Ntxiv nrog rau lawv qhov nqus thiab qhov cuam tshuam, cov coatings yuav tsum raug xaiv rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov wavelengths tshwj xeeb. "Rau ultraviolet, peb lossis plaub cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau yog siv, thaum rau infrared, muaj ntau yam sib txawv ntawm peb lossis plaub cov ntaub ntawv," Dabney hais.
Feem ntau, cov khoom yuav tsum tau txais ntau txheej txheej txheej txheej los txhim kho qhov kev xav tau ntawm qhov muag pom kev, tab sis qhov kev txhim kho no yuav xav tau kev lag luam tawm. "Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv ntau thiab ntau cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg txhawm rau txhim kho qhov pom ntawm daim iav, tab sis thaum koj ntxiv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, lawv kuj nqus tau, yog li koj poob qee lub teeb pom kev zoo," Ioffe hais. "Nws ib txwm muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm kev nqus thiab kev xav thiab kev sib kis."
Multilayer txheej yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tsim kom tsis txhob muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv hluav taws xob lub zog ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm txheej txheej, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev ncaj ncees ntawm txheej thiab thaum kawg ua rau cov khoom tsis ua haujlwm.
Nrhiav cov ntiv tes muaj txiaj ntsig
Kev tswj hwm qib siab ntawm kev tswj hwm zoo thaum tsim khoom lag luam tsis yooj yim. Rau qee qhov kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo, xws li kev nqus, tsis muaj cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb uas cov tuam txhab siv tau. Ioffe hais tias "Koj tsis tuaj yeem yuav ib qho qauv nrog tus nqi nqus tshwj xeeb raws li kev ntsuas tus qauv zoo," Ioffe hais. "Peb tau tsim thiab tsim cov tshuab hauv tsev los ntsuas kev nqus, theem hloov, kev xav thiab kev xa mus ntawm cov ces kaum sib txawv thiab cov polarizations sib txawv."
Qhov tsis muaj tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb yog qhov teeb meem tshwj xeeb rau kev ntsuas lub laser-induced kev puas tsuaj pib (LIDT), ib qho kev ntsuas uas piav qhia txog lub zog siab tshaj plaws uas muab cov khoom tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tiv taus ua ntej muaj kev puas tsuaj.
"Muaj ob peb ISO [International Organization for Standardization] cov qauv uas siv, tab sis cov no tsis txaus los tsim ib qho kev ntsuas kev puas tsuaj ntawm laser, "hais tias Dabney, tus tswv cuab ntawm American National Standards Institute (ANSI) pib tsim ntau dua. cov qauv xeem kom ntxaws.
Hauschild hais ntxiv tias cov qauv no yuav tsis zoo rau kev ntsuam xyuas LIDT ntawm optics, vim tias cov qauv laser tshiab txuas ntxiv mus thawb cov ciam teb ntawm cov khoom tso tawm.
LIDT raug cuam tshuam ncaj qha los ntawm kev sib xyaw, qhov zoo thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm optics lawv tus kheej, nrog rau lub wavelength thiab lub zog ntawm cov kab teeb uas lawv cuam tshuam. Tab sis lwm yam tseem ceeb kuj tuaj rau hauv kev ua si. Piv txwv li, qhov loj thiab cov duab ntawm lub nqaj tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov pib nyob ntawm seb lub zog npaum li cas tau muab faib rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw. Qee yam ntawm cov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem ua qauv ua lej, tab sis qhov kev ntsuam xyuas LIDT yog qhov kawg yuav tsum tau kuaj ncaj qha ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej.
Tam sim no, Dabney hais tias, tus txheej txheem ISO txhais LIDT yog "pom zoo. Tab sis qhov ntawd qhib lub qhov rooj rau cov tuam txhab tsis zoo los muag optics nrog qhov tsis muaj tseeb ntawm LDTs los ntawm kev ua cov txheej txheem ntsuas kev puas tsuaj rau sab nraud." Koj tsis tau txais nqi zog rau qhov zoo li koj tab tom sim hnyav dua-koj raug nplua, "nws hais tias vim li ntawd, LIDT yuav tsum tau siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv qhia, tsis yog lub hom phiaj rau kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub. Hauschild hais tias nws pab neeg feem ntau khiav nws cov tshuab laser ntawm lub zog ntom ntom zoo hauv qab LIDT kom ruaj ntseg mus ntev.
Nrog lub zog loj los ua lub luag haujlwm loj, thiab cov neeg siv yuav tsum tsim lawv lub tshuab laser kom zoo kom cov khoom ua tsis tau zoo tsis ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj. "Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem loj yog tias tib neeg tsis teeb tsa lawv lub beamline kom zoo, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov lus tawm tswv yim los tshem tawm lub laser," Dabney hais. Piv txwv li, ib qho malfunctioning Cheebtsam yuav ua rau lub beam yuav tsum tau reflected rov qab mus rau lub teeb qhov chaw los ntawm ib daim iav.
"Nws tuaj yeem raug nqi koj $ 100,000 rau laser vim tias tsuas muaj $ 100 qhov," Dabney hais. Yog li ntawd, cov chaw laser yuav tsum raug cais tawm kom tsis txhob muaj cov xwm txheej rov qab los.
Kev tu thiab saib xyuas ntawm lub laser system thiab nws cov khoom tseem ceeb heev. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ua daim ntawv thov, cov ntaub thaiv npog qhov rais ntawm high-power lasers yuav tsub kom cov kab mob los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav, thiab lawv yuav tsum tau hloov lub sij hawm kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj uas yuav cia cov tib yam kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub laser nws tus kheej. Ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub laser hauv qab lub zog siab kom txo qis kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub cev, Hauschild pom zoo kom siv cov cuab yeej ntsuas ntsuas uas tuaj yeem saib xyuas qhov ntsuas kub ntawm lub cev lossis kev nkag siab cov pov thawj ntawm kev npaj txhij txog lub teeb tawg uas yuav qhia tau tias yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo.
High-power laser tshuab tsis pheej yig. Tab sis kev siv zog los txiav cov ces kaum ntawm cov khoom siv tau siv tau zoo yuav rov qab los haunt tus neeg siv kawg, uas ris tus nqi ntawm kev tswj xyuas, kho thiab hloov lub system.
"Yog tias koj tau tsav los ntawm lub zog, ces koj yuav them rau nws," Dabney hais, tab sis nws kuj tau taw qhia tias qhov no yuav tsum ua kom cov neeg siv khoom siv laser xav txog ob zaug txog lub zog uas lawv xav tau tiag tiag rau lawv daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. "Yog tias koj tuaj yeem nyob qis dua ib qib, ces koj tuaj yeem txuag tau me ntsis," nws hais.
Txawm hais tias qee lub tshuab laser yuav tsis xav tias yuav txuas ntxiv thawb cov kev txwv ntawm lub zog - cov uas tsim los rau kev tiv thaiv kev siv lossis kev tshawb fawb fusion, piv txwv li - Hauschild hais tias nws kuj pom muaj peev xwm rau lwm txoj kev daws teeb meem rau qee cov neeg siv kev lag luam. Qee qhov xwm txheej, piv txwv li, ntau lub lasers ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog qis qis tuaj yeem muab cov khoom tsim tau zoo sib xws ntawm tus nqi qis. Nws tau hais tias "Cov lus nug tsis yog tsuas yog seb peb puas yuav tsum tau nce lub zog txuas ntxiv, tab sis kuj yuav ua li cas peb siv nws kom zoo," nws hais.
